Appended Note 2-7 Reference materials for Chapter 2

Section 1

Developments in Profits and Balance Sheets of Japanese Banks in Fiscal 2000 and Banks' Management Tasks, Bank Examination and Surveillance Department, Bank of Japan (2001)

Section 2

Economic Survey of Japan 1998-1999, Economic Planning Agency (1999)

Economic Survey of Japan 1999-2000, Economic Planning Agency (2000)

2000 White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan, Small and Medium Enterprise Agency (2000) Disposal of Non-performing Loans and its Impact, Report on study projects concerning impacts, etc. of balance sheet adjustment, Director General, Cabinet Office (in charge of economic and fiscal policy) (2001)

Developments in Profits and Balance Sheets of Japanese Banks in Fiscal 2000 and Banks' Management Tasks, Bank Examination and Surveillance Department, Bank of Japan (2001)

Tetsuya Hiroshima (1997), Loans to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Actual Economic Activities, Working Paper 97-4, Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan

Taizo Motonishi, Hiroshi Yoshikawa (1999), Causes of the Long Stagnation of Japan During the 1990s: Financial or Real, Working Paper 7351, NBER Working Paper Series

Section 3

Koichiro Kamata, Muneto Masuda (2001), Effects of Statistical Measurement Errors on GDP Gap in Japan, Financial Review, Vol. 20 No. 2, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan. Tsutomu Miyagawa, Nariyasu Yamazawa (2001), Revision of GDP Statistics and Economic Cycle, Japan Center for Economic Research, JCER Discussion Paper No. 63

Nariyasu Yamazawa, Toshihiro Nagahama (2000), Monthly GDP Gap as Economic Indicator--Measurement of potential GDP and GDP Gap, Japan Center for Economic Research, JCER Paper No. 67 Hiroshi Yoshikawa (1999), Japanese Economy at a Turning Point, Iwanami Shoten Bayoumi, Tamim, "Where Are We Going? The Output Gap and Potential Growth", IMF, 2000

Column 2-1

Developments in Profits and Balance Sheets of Japanese Banks in Fiscal 2000 and Banks' Management Tasks, Bank Examination and Surveillance Department, Bank of Japan (2001)

Column 2-2

Keiichi Omura, Shin Masuko (2001), Management Performance and Corporate Governance in Japan, "Finance Review" Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance

Yoshiaki Horiuchi, Masaharu Hanasaki (2000), "Did Relations with Main Banks Contribute to Effective Corporate Management?--Empirical Study on Manufacturing Industries," Corporate Management Study, Vol. 21-1, Development Bank of Japan

Yoshiro Miwa, J. Mark Ramseyer (2001), "Misunderstanding about Japanese Economic Theory," Toyo Keizai Hoshi, Kashyap and Scharfstein, "Corporate Structure, Liquidity and Investment: Evidence from Japanese Industrial Groups," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, February 1991

Column 2-4

The World Bank, "Finance for Growth: Policy Choice in a Volatile World" , Oxford, 2001 King, Robert G., and Ross Levine, "Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right" , Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3): 717-37, 1993

Kotaro Tsuru, "Finance and growth: Some Theoretical Considerations, and a Review of the Empirical Literature" , Economics Department Working Papers No. 228, OECD, 2000

Michael Leahy, Sebastian Schich, Gert Wehinger, Florian Pelgrin and Thorsteinn Thorgeirsson, "Contributions Of Financial Systems To Growth In OECD Countries" , Economics Department Working Papers, No. 280, OECD, 2001

Column 2-6

"The Effect of IT (Information Technology) on Productivity: In Search of Japan' s 'New Economy' ," Policy Impact Analysis Report No. 4, Research Bureau, Economic Planning Agency (2000)

David, Paul A., "Understanding Digital Technology' s Evolution and the Path of Measured Productivity Growth: Present and Future in the Mirror of the Past," in Understanding the Digital Economy, ed. by Erik Brynjolfsson and Brian Kahin (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press), 2000

Gordon, Robert J., "Does the 'New Economy' Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past? " Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14 (Fall), pp. 49-74, 2000

Oliner, Stephen D., and Daniel E. Sichel, "The Resurgence of Growth in the Late 1990s: Is Information Technology the Story," Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14 (Fall), pp. 3-22, 2000

Jorgenson, Dale W., "Information Technology and the U.S. Economy," American Economic Review, Vol.91 (March), pp. 1-32, 2001

U.S. Council of Economic Advisers, "Economic Report of the President (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office)" , 2001