Note 3-20
- Japanese version
- English version
(20) Gender Empowerment Measure. It is an index published by the Human Development Report 2003, United Nations Development Programme. GEM explores the advancement of women with decision-making power in the economic and political arenas. Specifically, the index is calculated by using women's income, the percentage of women in professional or technical jobs, the percentage of women in senior administrative posts, and the percentage of female lawmakers.